See affricate on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*h₂éd",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂éd#Proto-Indo-European:_at"
],
[
"*ad",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/ad#Proto-Italic:_to"
],
[
"*ad-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/ad-#Proto-Italic:_to"
],
[
"ad-",
"ad-#Latin"
],
[
"*bʰreyH-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰreyH-"
],
[
"*frios",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/frios"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
],
[
"*-eh₂yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
],
[
"*-h₂ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
],
[
"*-āō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
],
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin:_denominative"
],
[
"friō",
"frio#Latin"
],
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin:_denominative"
],
[
"-icō",
"-ico#Latin:_first-conjugation_suffix"
],
[
"fricō",
"frico#Latin"
],
[
"affricō",
"affrico#Latin"
],
[
"affricātus",
"affricatus#Latin"
],
[
"affricātus",
"affricatus#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "la:affricātus",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éd\nProto-Italic *ad\nProto-Italic *ad-\nLatin ad-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰreyH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰriH-o-s\nProto-Italic *frios\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin friō\nLatin -ic-\n▲\nLatin -ō\nLatin -icō\nLatin fricō\nLatin affricō\nLatin affricātusbor.\nEnglish affricate\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to, towards, at\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"at\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂éd\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*ad\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*ad-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ad-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"rub\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*bʰriH-o-s\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰreyH-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*frios\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"friō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"first-conjugation suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-ic-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-āō<id:suf>\", \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-icō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"fricō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"affricō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"affricātus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"affricate\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"affricate\">\nBorrowed from Latin affricātus.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éd\nProto-Italic *ad\nProto-Italic *ad-\nLatin ad-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰreyH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰriH-o-s\nProto-Italic *frios\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin friō\nLatin -ic-\n▲\nLatin -ō\nLatin -icō\nLatin fricō\nLatin affricō\nLatin affricātusbor.\nEnglish affricate\nBorrowed from Latin affricātus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "affricates",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "affricate (plural affricates)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Phonetics",
"orig": "en:Phonetics",
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"source": "w"
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{
"_dis": "71 29",
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{
"_dis": "71 29",
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"_dis": "67 33",
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{
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"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
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{
"_dis": "66 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
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}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "nonaffricate"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A single speech sound produced combining a plosive and a fricative."
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "obstruent"
}
],
"id": "en-affricate-en-noun-ifR9NEW7",
"links": [
[
"phonetics",
"phonetics"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"plosive",
"plosive"
],
[
"fricative",
"fricative"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonetics) A single speech sound produced combining a plosive and a fricative."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "friction"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "affricative"
}
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonetics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afrikate"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "ṣāmit mawqūf iḥtikākiyy",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "صَامِت مَوْقُوف اِحْتِكَاكِيّ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "ṣāmit mazjiyy",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "صَامِت مَزْجِيّ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "paytʻašpʻakan",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "պայթաշփական"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "hpašpʻakan",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "հպաշփական"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "africada"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "sècāyīn",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "塞擦音"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "pòcāyīn",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "破擦音"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "pòliè mócāyīn",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "破裂摩擦音"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afrikáta"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "poloražená souhláska"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "affricaat"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "afrikato"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "afrikaad"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "affrikaatta"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "affriquée"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "apriḳaṭi",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "აფრიკატი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Affrikata"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Affrikate"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Verschlussreibelaut"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "prostrivómeno",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "προστριβόμενο"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "affrikáta"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "zár-rés hang"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aifricéad"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "affricata"
},
{
"alt": "はさつおん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "hasatsuon",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "破擦音"
},
{
"alt": "破擦音",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "pachareum",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "파찰음"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afrikāta"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afrikatà"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"lang_code": "nv",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "ahídeiłjah"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "ensâyeši",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "انسایشی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afrykata"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spółgłoska zwarto-szczelinowa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "africada"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "affrikáta",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "аффрика́та"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "африка́та"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "сливѐнӣк"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"feminine"
],
"word": "afrikáta"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"masculine"
],
"word": "slivènīk"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "africada"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "affrikata"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cytsain affrithiol"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈæf.ɹɪ.kət/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈæf.ɹɪ.keɪt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈæf.ɹə.kət/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈæf.ɹə.keɪt/"
}
],
"word": "affricate"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*h₂éd",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂éd#Proto-Indo-European:_at"
],
[
"*ad",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/ad#Proto-Italic:_to"
],
[
"*ad-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/ad-#Proto-Italic:_to"
],
[
"ad-",
"ad-#Latin"
],
[
"*bʰreyH-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰreyH-"
],
[
"*frios",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/frios"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
],
[
"*-eh₂yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
],
[
"*-h₂ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
],
[
"*-āō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
],
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin:_denominative"
],
[
"friō",
"frio#Latin"
],
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin:_denominative"
],
[
"-icō",
"-ico#Latin:_first-conjugation_suffix"
],
[
"fricō",
"frico#Latin"
],
[
"affricō",
"affrico#Latin"
],
[
"affricātus",
"affricatus#Latin"
],
[
"affricātus",
"affricatus#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "la:affricātus",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éd\nProto-Italic *ad\nProto-Italic *ad-\nLatin ad-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰreyH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰriH-o-s\nProto-Italic *frios\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin friō\nLatin -ic-\n▲\nLatin -ō\nLatin -icō\nLatin fricō\nLatin affricō\nLatin affricātusbor.\nEnglish affricate\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to, towards, at\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"at\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂éd\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*ad\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*ad-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ad-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"rub\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*bʰriH-o-s\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰreyH-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*frios\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"friō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"first-conjugation suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-ic-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-āō<id:suf>\", \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-icō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"fricō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"affricō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"affricātus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"affricate\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"affricate\">\nBorrowed from Latin affricātus.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éd\nProto-Italic *ad\nProto-Italic *ad-\nLatin ad-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰreyH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰriH-o-s\nProto-Italic *frios\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin friō\nLatin -ic-\n▲\nLatin -ō\nLatin -icō\nLatin fricō\nLatin affricō\nLatin affricātusbor.\nEnglish affricate\nBorrowed from Latin affricātus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "affricates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affricating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "affricated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "affricated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "affricate (third-person singular simple present affricates, present participle affricating, simple past and past participle affricated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "affrication"
},
{
"word": "affricatize"
},
{
"word": "unaffricated"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To produce (a plosive) as an affricate."
],
"id": "en-affricate-en-verb-q666-ZvF",
"links": [
[
"produce",
"produce"
],
[
"affricate",
"#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To produce (a plosive) as an affricate."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "africar"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈæf.ɹɪ.keɪt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈæf.ɹə.kət/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈæf.ɹə.keɪt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈæf.ɹɪ.keɪt/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-affricate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/En-us-affricate.ogg/En-us-affricate.ogg.mp3",
"note": "Central Midland",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/En-us-affricate.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"word": "affricate"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "affricate f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "affricata"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of affricata"
],
"id": "en-affricate-it-noun-8nFwyLls",
"links": [
[
"affricata",
"affricata#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "affricate"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "affricāte",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "affricāte"
},
"expansion": "affricāte",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "affricō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person plural present active imperative of affricō"
],
"id": "en-affricate-la-verb-h1eeimlg",
"links": [
[
"affricō",
"affrico#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"word": "affricate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰreyH-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂éd",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Translation table header lacks gloss"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "nonaffricate"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*h₂éd",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂éd#Proto-Indo-European:_at"
],
[
"*ad",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/ad#Proto-Italic:_to"
],
[
"*ad-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/ad-#Proto-Italic:_to"
],
[
"ad-",
"ad-#Latin"
],
[
"*bʰreyH-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰreyH-"
],
[
"*frios",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/frios"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
],
[
"*-eh₂yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
],
[
"*-h₂ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
],
[
"*-āō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
],
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin:_denominative"
],
[
"friō",
"frio#Latin"
],
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin:_denominative"
],
[
"-icō",
"-ico#Latin:_first-conjugation_suffix"
],
[
"fricō",
"frico#Latin"
],
[
"affricō",
"affrico#Latin"
],
[
"affricātus",
"affricatus#Latin"
],
[
"affricātus",
"affricatus#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "la:affricātus",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éd\nProto-Italic *ad\nProto-Italic *ad-\nLatin ad-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰreyH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰriH-o-s\nProto-Italic *frios\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin friō\nLatin -ic-\n▲\nLatin -ō\nLatin -icō\nLatin fricō\nLatin affricō\nLatin affricātusbor.\nEnglish affricate\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to, towards, at\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"at\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂éd\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*ad\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*ad-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ad-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"rub\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*bʰriH-o-s\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰreyH-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*frios\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"friō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"first-conjugation suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-ic-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-āō<id:suf>\", \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-icō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"fricō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"affricō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"affricātus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"affricate\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"affricate\">\nBorrowed from Latin affricātus.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éd\nProto-Italic *ad\nProto-Italic *ad-\nLatin ad-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰreyH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰriH-o-s\nProto-Italic *frios\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin friō\nLatin -ic-\n▲\nLatin -ō\nLatin -icō\nLatin fricō\nLatin affricō\nLatin affricātusbor.\nEnglish affricate\nBorrowed from Latin affricātus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "affricates",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "affricate (plural affricates)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "friction"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Phonetics"
],
"glosses": [
"A single speech sound produced combining a plosive and a fricative."
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "obstruent"
}
],
"links": [
[
"phonetics",
"phonetics"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"plosive",
"plosive"
],
[
"fricative",
"fricative"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonetics) A single speech sound produced combining a plosive and a fricative."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "affricative"
}
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonetics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈæf.ɹɪ.kət/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈæf.ɹɪ.keɪt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈæf.ɹə.kət/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈæf.ɹə.keɪt/"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afrikate"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "ṣāmit mawqūf iḥtikākiyy",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "صَامِت مَوْقُوف اِحْتِكَاكِيّ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "ṣāmit mazjiyy",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "صَامِت مَزْجِيّ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "paytʻašpʻakan",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "պայթաշփական"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "hpašpʻakan",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "հպաշփական"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "africada"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "sècāyīn",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "塞擦音"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "pòcāyīn",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "破擦音"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "pòliè mócāyīn",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "破裂摩擦音"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afrikáta"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "poloražená souhláska"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "affricaat"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "afrikato"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "afrikaad"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "affrikaatta"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "affriquée"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "apriḳaṭi",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "აფრიკატი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Affrikata"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Affrikate"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Verschlussreibelaut"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "prostrivómeno",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "προστριβόμενο"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "affrikáta"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "zár-rés hang"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aifricéad"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "affricata"
},
{
"alt": "はさつおん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "hasatsuon",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "破擦音"
},
{
"alt": "破擦音",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "pachareum",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "파찰음"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afrikāta"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afrikatà"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"lang_code": "nv",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "ahídeiłjah"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "ensâyeši",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "انسایشی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afrykata"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spółgłoska zwarto-szczelinowa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "africada"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "affrikáta",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "аффрика́та"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "африка́та"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "сливѐнӣк"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"feminine"
],
"word": "afrikáta"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"masculine"
],
"word": "slivènīk"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "africada"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "affrikata"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cytsain affrithiol"
}
],
"word": "affricate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰreyH-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂éd",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Translation table header lacks gloss"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "affrication"
},
{
"word": "affricatize"
},
{
"word": "unaffricated"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*h₂éd",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂éd#Proto-Indo-European:_at"
],
[
"*ad",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/ad#Proto-Italic:_to"
],
[
"*ad-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/ad-#Proto-Italic:_to"
],
[
"ad-",
"ad-#Latin"
],
[
"*bʰreyH-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰreyH-"
],
[
"*frios",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/frios"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
],
[
"*-eh₂yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
],
[
"*-h₂ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
],
[
"*-āō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
],
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin:_denominative"
],
[
"friō",
"frio#Latin"
],
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin:_denominative"
],
[
"-icō",
"-ico#Latin:_first-conjugation_suffix"
],
[
"fricō",
"frico#Latin"
],
[
"affricō",
"affrico#Latin"
],
[
"affricātus",
"affricatus#Latin"
],
[
"affricātus",
"affricatus#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "la:affricātus",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éd\nProto-Italic *ad\nProto-Italic *ad-\nLatin ad-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰreyH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰriH-o-s\nProto-Italic *frios\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin friō\nLatin -ic-\n▲\nLatin -ō\nLatin -icō\nLatin fricō\nLatin affricō\nLatin affricātusbor.\nEnglish affricate\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to, towards, at\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"at\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂éd\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*ad\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*ad-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ad-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"rub\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*bʰriH-o-s\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰreyH-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*frios\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"friō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"first-conjugation suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-ic-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-āō<id:suf>\", \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-icō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"fricō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"affricō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"affricātus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"affricate\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"affricate\">\nBorrowed from Latin affricātus.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éd\nProto-Italic *ad\nProto-Italic *ad-\nLatin ad-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰreyH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰriH-o-s\nProto-Italic *frios\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin friō\nLatin -ic-\n▲\nLatin -ō\nLatin -icō\nLatin fricō\nLatin affricō\nLatin affricātusbor.\nEnglish affricate\nBorrowed from Latin affricātus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "affricates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affricating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "affricated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "affricated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "affricate (third-person singular simple present affricates, present participle affricating, simple past and past participle affricated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To produce (a plosive) as an affricate."
],
"links": [
[
"produce",
"produce"
],
[
"affricate",
"#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To produce (a plosive) as an affricate."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈæf.ɹɪ.keɪt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈæf.ɹə.kət/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈæf.ɹə.keɪt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈæf.ɹɪ.keɪt/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-affricate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/En-us-affricate.ogg/En-us-affricate.ogg.mp3",
"note": "Central Midland",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/En-us-affricate.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "africar"
}
],
"word": "affricate"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "affricate f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian noun forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "affricata"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of affricata"
],
"links": [
[
"affricata",
"affricata#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "affricate"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "affricāte",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "affricāte"
},
"expansion": "affricāte",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "affricō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person plural present active imperative of affricō"
],
"links": [
[
"affricō",
"affrico#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"word": "affricate"
}
Download raw JSONL data for affricate meaning in All languages combined (26.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.